Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics was held between 20 October 1964 and 22 October 1964 on Lake Sagami, 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Sagamiko, Kanagawa, Japan.

Both of the women's events were 500 metre kayaking events; there were three kayaking and two canoeing events for men, all of which covered 1000 metres.

The K-4 event for men was introduced to the Olympic program at these Games, replacing the 4×500 metre K-1 event that was raced in the 1960 Games.

The Romanian canoeists garnered the most medals at 5, but did not win a single gold medal.

In that category the Soviet competitors were the most successful, taking three championships.