Cao Lan language

Cao Lan, sometimes Caolan or Man Cao-Lan, is a Tai language of northern Vietnam.

Together, Cao Lan, Chongzuo, and Shangsi form a primary branch of the Tai languages (Pittayaporn 2009).

Smaller numbers are also found in Xichou County, Yunnan, China and in the following provinces.

Haudricourt (1973)[full citation needed] believes that the Cao Lan may have adopted a form of Tai when they had stopped in Guangxi during their historical southward migration.

Today, the Chinese-speaking Sán Chay live mostly in Quảng Ninh, whereas the Cao Lan are mostly concentrated in Tuyên Quang, Thái Nguyên, and Bắc Giang.