[2] Considered a subrange of the Appalachian mountain chain, the Highlands comprise the northern portions of Inverness and Victoria Counties.

The plateau consists of numerous broad, gently rolling hills bisected with deep valleys and steep-walled river canyons.

The southern and the western edges of the plateau give way to broad valleys with soils resulting from glaciation and provide some of Cape Breton's best agricultural lands.

Most of the interior and southern edges of the plateau are covered with damp, cool deciduous forests which makes for spectacular colours during autumn foliage.

Southward facing slopes above 300 metres in elevation generally only support Balsam Fir, as a result of the short growing season and harsh winter climate.