The Caproni CH.1 was a single-seat biplane fighter, a single example of which was produced as a prototype in Italy in 1935.

Antonio Chiodi began design work on a new single-seat fighter in 1934 as a private venture of the Caproni company.

He designed the Caproni CH.1—"CH" standing for "Chiodi"—an aerodynamically clean single-bay biplane of all-metal construction, with fabric skin and wings of equal span.

[1] Chiodi intended the CH.1 to be powered by a Gnome-Rhône 14Kfs Mistral Major 14-cylinder radial engine, rated at 581 kW (779 hp) at 4,750 meters (15,584 feet), but instead the aircraft was constructed with a Piaggio Stella P.IX R.C.40 nine-cylinder radial rated at 417 kW (559 hp) at 4,000 meters (13,123 feet) driving a three-bladed, variable-pitch propeller.

[1] The CH.1's proposed armament was two fixed forward-firing 7.7-millimeter (0.303-inch) Breda-SAFAT machine guns synchronized to fire through the propeller.