The new species is most similar to C. amylacea, C. hypotrachynae, C. normandinae, and C. pseudonormandinae, but can be distinguished by its smaller ascomata, longer hyaline ascospores, and different host genus, Vahliella (Vahliellaceae), compared to Peltigera (Peltigeraceae).

The species epithet cogtii was given in honor of the late Professor Ulzii Cogt, who was a prominent figure in Mongolian lichenology.

[2] The vegetative hyphae of Capronia cogtii are pale brown, 2–3.5 μm wide, septate, and ramify from the lower parts of the exciple.

The ascomata are perithecial, blackish, more or less glossy, roughly spherical to ovoid, and occasionally shortly papillate at the apex.

[2] Capronia cogtii is known only from the holotype, which was collected on the thallus of Vahliella leucophaea and occasionally on adjacent decaying mosses in sparse Larix sibirica mountain forest in northern Mongolia.