[1][7][8][9] His mother serves as chief of the Ulkatcho First Nation[10] while his father, also a goaltender, was selected by the Philadelphia Flyers (126th overall) in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft.

Having to make the ten-hour round trip three days a week, Carey's father eventually bought a Piper PA-28 Cherokee to fly him to practice and games.

Securing a full-time roster spot the following season as the backup for Colorado Avalanche prospect Tyler Weiman, Price posted a 2.38 Goals against average (GAA) and .915 save percentage (SV%) appearing in 28 games.

He took over as the primary starter of the team beginning in 2004–05 and quickly established himself as a top goaltender, playing in a league-high 63  games with a 2.34 GAA and .920 SV% and eight shutouts.

He then led the Bulldogs on a remarkable postseason run, defeating the Hershey Bears four games to one in the finals as the team won their first Calder Cup.

With the move of starting goaltender Cristobal Huet to the Washington Capitals before the annual trade deadline, Price assumed the foregoing's role for the Canadiens.

After a strong start to the 2008–09 season, in which he earned a second Molson Cup in November, Price injured his ankle in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning on December 30, 2008.

[21] Going into the 2009 playoffs as the eighth and final seed in the Eastern Conference, the Canadiens played the Boston Bruins in the opening round for the second consecutive season.

The highlight of the season for Price was stopping 37 of 38 shots in a 5–1 win over the Boston Bruins in the Canadiens' 100th anniversary game on December 4, 2009, and the low point was surrendering four goals in his only start of the playoffs.

This collective performance from Price allowed the Canadiens to enter the 2011 playoffs as the sixth seed in the East before ultimately falling in seven games to the third-seeded and eventual Stanley Cup champion Boston Bruins.

[33] While initially expected to return after six weeks, it was later revealed that the extent of Price's injury was a MCL sprain, effectively ending his season outright.

[34] He would be named a finalist for the Vezina Trophy for the second time in his career at season's end, with the foregoing honor ultimately going to Sergei Bobrovsky of the Columbus Blue Jackets.

[37] After a dismal start to the 2017–18 season, Price left the lineup due to a minor lower body injury, leaving goaltenders Al Montoya and Charlie Lindgren to take his place during his absence.

[41] Despite his injuries, he made in his 557th career NHL start for the Canadiens against the Winnipeg Jets on April 3, surpassing the previous franchise record held by Hockey Hall of Fame inductee Jacques Plante.

[44] On March 12, 2019, with a 3–1 victory over the Detroit Red Wings, Price surpassed Jacques Plante for first place in Canadiens franchise career wins with his 315th.

[49] When asked about the difference between Price's regular and postseason performances in recent years, team general manager Marc Bergevin remarked "I guess the expression we could use he's a big-game player.

[51] The Athletic remarked afterward that "now that Seattle has taken a pass, the reality that Price will play his entire career in a Canadiens uniform seems impossible to refute.

On November 9, Price rejoined his Canadiens teammates and went on to release a statement explaining his leave, revealing that he decided to enter a residential treatment facility for substance abuse following "years of neglecting [his] own mental health".

[54] Following his departure from the player assistance program, Price embarked on an extended rehabilitation of his knee, a process that lasted months past what was initially expected and involved multiple setbacks.

"[59] Price was named a finalist for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, awarded to the player who "best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey.

"[61] After receiving same, he observed "there's obstacles in life that will always challenge you, and I think having the ability to overcome those and keep things in perspective and keep moving forward is something that we should all be teaching our children and loved ones.

"[62] On August 18, 2022, Canadiens general manager Kent Hughes announced that Price was unlikely to play during the 2022–23 season and that if he were to return at all, it would likely require additional surgery.

[63] Price later disclosed in an interview with The Athletic that the contemplated surgery was an osteochondral autograft transfer, but that the odds of success were such that it was unlikely he would pursue it, given the risk to his daily quality of life were it not to succeed.

[65] Subsequently, The Athletic reported a few months later that "[Price] knows he will never play professional hockey again," with his priority shifting to maintaining his quality of life.

[72] With this, Price, along with close friend and teammate P. K. Subban, became the first Montreal Canadiens player to be selected for the national senior team since Mark Recchi in the 1998 Nagano Olympics.

[80] Prior to the beginning of the 2016–17 NHL season, Price participated in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey winning a gold medal along with Team Canada.

[88] Price, who is of Ulkatcho descent through his mother,[9] was named as an honorary co-chair at the 2010 National Aboriginal Hockey Championships that were held in Ottawa, Ontario, in May 2010.

It was revealed that Price experienced struggles with alcoholism, which initially began as an escape from the stresses of being a professional athlete but was further exacerbated following the Canadiens' loss in the 2021 Stanley Cup Finals against the Tampa Bay Lightning and the complications surrounding his knee surgery shortly thereafter paired with strict restrictions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada that had begun in March 2020.

Particularly citing the severity of substance abuse within the Indigenous community and upon reflections on his being, Price decided in October 2021 to voluntarily enter a residential rehabilitation facility.

[102][103] In December 2022, Price released a statement opposing a proposed Canadian Federal Bill which would amend gun control legislation.