In 1808 he was dispatched to the Kremlin archaeological expedition in Moscow, where he built St. Catherine's Church of the Ascension Convent and the theater at Arbat Square, which burned to the ground during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

The buildings of Rossi are characteristic of the empire style, which combines grandeur with noble simplicity.

6 April] 1849, he died of cholera in Saint Petersburg, according to available data - in complete oblivion and in poverty.

The Tsar gave a small sum for the funeral and Rossi was buried in the Volkov Lutheran cemetery.

During the Soviet period, he was reburied at the Lazarevskoe Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery under the same tombstone.