Carlo Troya (also spelled Troja; 7 June 1784 – 28 July 1858) was a historian and politician who served as Prime Minister of the Two Sicilies from 3 April 1848 until 15 May 1848.

Master of Law, he was involved in 1820–1821 Neapolitan insurrections: holding the position of Basilicata Intendant, he worked for the liberal review “Minerva napolitana”, reason why he was sent into exile from 1824 to 1826.

Representative of the Neo-Guelph movement, he was appointed prime minister on 3 April 1848 by Ferdinand II according to the Constitution granted on 11 February 1848.

During the First Italian War of Independence, the Troya Government sent an expeditionary force of 15,000 men in Lombardia, commanded by Guglielmo Pepe.

On 15 May 1848, with a coup d'état, Ferdinand II dissolved the democratic Parliament, dismissed Carlo Troja and replaced his Ministry with one composed exclusively of conservative elements and led by Gennaro Spinelli di Cariati.