Carlos was the son of Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros, a politician and diplomat and María Josefa Basilia de Senra y Echevarría.

[1][2] After completing his studies, he entered the Peruvian Naval School at the age of fifteen, as a midshipman, following in the footsteps of his older brother Manuel Ferreyros.

In November 1861, he traveled to the United Kingdom as part of the commission in charge of supervising the construction of four river steamers destined for the Amazon, returning aboard the Morona.

Carlos's older brother, Manuel Ferreyros, commanded the América, which made "the most accurate shots, with the longest range and the most effect", as the head of the Spanish squadron himself pointed out.

[1] On July 4 of that same year, Ferreyros, as captain of the ship and commander of the Pilcomayo, left Arica for Pisagua, guarding the Oroya transport.

[1] Ferreyros's action caused unease in Chile, which had a navy superior in number and power to its Peruvian counterpart, and with which it hoped to obtain victory in a short time.

On November 17, 1879, the Pilcomayo, the Unión and the Chalaco returned to Callao by order of the Peruvian president, Mariano Ignacio Prado.

Ferreyros wanted to burn and sink the gunboat, but the Chileans from the 3,560-ton ironclad Almirante Cochrane boarded the ship and prevented its collapse in time.

He was then elected as Senator of the Peruvian Republic the for Department of Huánuco in 1907 by the Civil Party[5][6][7][8] but he died on February 6, 1910, in office of the Second Vice Presidency of his Chamber.