Carlos Mapili Padilla (Tagalog pronunciation: [paˈdilja]; September 19, 1944 – May 5, 2023) was a Filipino politician who served as the Governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 2016 until his death in 2023.

[4] As an illegitimate child whose father died when he was 13, he was raised by his mother, Victoriana Mapili of Aringay, La Union, and Tayug, Pangasinan, along with his older two siblings.

[6] In 1978, he was among eight Assemblymen elected to represent Region II (Cagayan Valley) in the Interim Batasang Pambansa as a member of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of President Ferdinand Marcos.

He ran again in 1984 as an opposition candidate to represent Nueva Vizcaya in the Regular Batasang Pambansa but lost to former Congressman and Senator Leonardo Perez after a bitterly disputed campaign marred by allegations of fraud.

[6] Padilla was also the principal author and sponsor of laws establishing schools in the province such as the Nueva Vizcaya State University and the Philippine Science High School-Cagayan Valley Campus, located in Bayombong.

[12] Padilla was a recipient of the outstanding alumnus award at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), where he also received his doctorate degree in Public Administration, honoris causa.

[14] The decision was made in 2017 following Padilla's testimony before Salvadoran legislators and public[14] about the effects of OceanaGold, causing the company to pay compensation and the eventual abandonment of the El Dorado project.