Carol made her debut on 6 June against Isabella Capato Camargo, winning in straight sets, at the Tennis Club of Santos Tournament in Brazil.

Alves made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2015 Rio Open, forming a doubles team with Brazilian partner Ingrid Martins.

At the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru, Carol won the bronze medal in the women's doubles event, partnering with fellow Brazilian Luisa Stefani.

Above all, I am proud to help others through this recognition," said Alves after receiving the award.In November 2021 and partnering Marina Bassols Ribera, she reached her first WTA 125 final in the doubles at the 2021 Montevideo Open, losing to top seeds Irina Bara and Ekaterine Gorgodze.

In April 2022, Carol participated in the Billie Jean King Cup in Salinas, Ecuador, teaming up with Beatriz Haddad Maia to defeat Argentine players Jazmin Ortenzi and Julia Riera in a match lasting over three hours.

[8][9] Carol earned her first main-draw singles win at a WTA Tour-level event by defeating Dayana Yastremska in the Copa Colsanitas opening round.

[13] Again having qualified for the main draw, she reached the second round at the 2023 Bogata Open, with a three-set win over Dayana Yastremska,[14] before losing to second seed and eventual champion Tatjana Maria.

In doubles, paired with French player Kristina Mladenovic, Alves reached the second round but withdrew before the match against Brazilian duo Helena Bueno and Maria Carolina Ferreira Turchetto due to Mladenović's withdrawal.

[18] In doubles, however, she partnered with Argentine player Julia Riera and won the title, defeating the British-Ukrainian duo Eden Silva and Valeriya Strakhova in the final.

[26] In November, with Luisa Stefani sidelined due to a knee operation, Alves partnered with Haddad Maia in the decisive doubles match of the Billie Jean King Cup tie against Argentina.

[30] The defeats from Alves/Matos in mixed doubles and earlier from their teammates Haddad Maia and Thiago Monteiro in singles matches complicated Brazil's chances of advancing further in the United Cup.

[31] The Brazilian team's struggles continued in the United Cup, as Carolina and Rafael Matos were defeated once again in the mixed doubles match during their final tie, this time against Germany.

[34] In the doubles draw, Alves played with Jazmín Ortenzi from Argentina and lost in the first round, in straight sets, facing Noelia Zeballos from Bolivia and Miriana Tona from Italy.

Again partnering with Jazmín Ortenzi they would repeat previous week's campaign in the doubles draw and also lost at the second round, this time against Mexicans Ana Sofia Sanchez and Victoria Rodriguez in the match tiebraker.