Casineria is an extinct genus of tetrapodomorph which lived about 340–334 million years ago in the Mississippian epoch of the Carboniferous period.

Its generic name, Casineria, is a latinization of Cheese Bay, the site near Edinburgh, Scotland, where the holotype fossil was found.

Other proposed affinities include a placement among the lepospondyls,[3] seymouriamorphs,[4] "gephyrostegids",[5] or as a synonym of Caerorhachis, another controversial tetrapod which may have been an early temnospondyl.

[1] In the early Carboniferous period before the appearance of Casineria, vertebrates were primarily aquatic, only spending part of their time on land.

[3][4][6] Even the presence of claws has been considered doubtful, as Marjanovic & Laurin (2019) noted that the finger tips were squared-off, rather than pointed.

[1] While retaining a general build like those found in the amphibian reptiliomorph groups like Seymouriamorpha and Diadectomorpha, Casineria also shows features that tie it in with early reptiles, notably a generally gracile build with light leg bones, unfused ankles and toes terminating in claws.