The walls of the church, decorated with murals, include battle scenes from Russian military history and Bible scripture texts.

Stained glass mosaics in the cathedral's vault feature various Red Army orders, accompanied by their respected ribbons that denote their class.

The Soviet Union's renewed wave of nationalism during the Great Patriotic War prompted the inclusion of the most revered Orthodox Christian saints who had served in the historical armies of Russia.

On September 5, 1943, a historic meeting in the Moscow Kremlin took place between Metropolitan Alexius and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

After the meeting, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union permitted the Orthodox Church to legally function and operate after nearly two decades of severe oppression.

The diameter of the drum of the main dome is 19.45 metres, symbolising the year when the Great Patriotic War ended – 1945.

The height of the small dome is 14.18 metres – open conflict between Nazi Germany and the USSR lasted 1,418 days and nights.

The bells reflect the theme of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, icons of patrons of the Russian Army.

The act of walking on the floors of the cathedral is intended to symbolise "delivering a blow to the fascist enemy”.

The central image is surrounded by smaller icons of the Most Holy Mother of God of Kazan, of Vladimir, of Smolensk and of Tikhvin, placed on artistic reliefs that depict significant events in the history of the Russian state.

The museum located next to church was rumored to contain Adolf Hitler's peaked cap and personal clothes, which were described as trophies and relics by Russian Deputy Minister of Defense.

The Russian Orthodox Church initially explained the presence of mosaics featuring Putin and Stalin according to the tradition of depicting historical events – in this case, the 2014 annexation of Crimea to Russia and the 1945 Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War (World War II).