Catholic hamartiology

According to the Catholic Church, sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire,"[1] caused by concupiscence,[2] that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience.

[8] Sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire" that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience.

[9] Without divine revelation, sin can be misconstrued as "a developmental flaw, a psychological weakness, a mistake, or the necessary consequence of an inadequate social structure, etc.

[12] This is evidenced by the Paschal mystery: God permitted his Son to suffer and die for the sake of mankind's redemption.

"[21] Sin's reign is temporary, beginning with the fall of the angels and ending in definitive defeat with the crucifixion of Jesus.

The first actual sin in history caused humanity to lose the state of original holiness, which included sanctifying grace.

However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church does list certain offenses against the Ten Commandments that constitute grave matter.

[42] Feelings, passions, pathological desires (such as the psychological wounds of child abuse), or external pressures (such as the threat of death) can diminish the voluntary and free character of a mortal sin.

[44] The eternal sin—blasphemy against the Holy Spirit—is the mortal sin of final impenitence, e.g., dying unrepentant, which cannot be forgiven precisely because the sinner refuses to accept forgiveness.

While it does not deprive someone of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and eternal happiness, it still opposes virtue.

[51] Pope John Paul II made many apologies for the church's sins—including against women, Jews, victims of the Inquisition, and Muslims—throughout its history.

[58] God is not bound by spacetime or the church, so those who have no access to the sacraments can still receive divine mercy.

[68] God hears the prayers of and is close to the contrite,[69] and the church holds sinners to her bosom.

"[80] Regarding Judas' suicide, Pope Benedict XVI taught that "it is not up to us to judge his gesture, substituting ourselves for the infinitely merciful and just God.