Cattle prod

They range in length from six inches (usually of a more encased rectangular prism design like a stun gun), to up to six feet.

[citation needed] Cattle prods today are designed with a high range of voltages and currents.

[8] Prior to the development of stun batons and the taser, electric cattle prods were also used on people in varying degrees.

It works at very high voltage and low current so as to maximize pain and minimize the physical marks left on the victim.

Electric shock devices, including cattle prods, have been used as a means of coercive control on autistic and mentally handicapped people.

[13] On August 14, 2013 in Lakewood Township, New Jersey, gang leader Mendel Epstein told two undercover Federal Bureau of Investigation agents that he used a cattle prod to coerce Jewish husbands to grant religious divorces to their wives, leading the press to nickname him "The Prodfather".

Significant work in this regard has been done by Colorado State University professor Temple Grandin to study how cattle perceive the environment around them and to design better livestock slaughterhouse handling systems that do not induce fear into the animal.