[6] Caucasian squirrels are native to south-western Asia, where they are found from Turkey, and the islands of Gökçeada and Lesbos in the west, Iran in the southeast, and as far as Israel and Jordan in the south.

Like many other squirrels, they cache their food within tree cavities or loose soil, with some larders containing up to 6 kg (13 lb) of seeds.

[2] They live in trees, where they make their dens, but frequently forage on the ground, and are considered less arboreal than Eurasian red squirrels.

[2] A survey in 2008 found that the species remained abundant within Turkey, however declines are noted in population within the Levant region.

Whilst the Caucasian squirrel is threatened by poaching and deforestation, the declines recorded are not sufficient to qualify them as anything other than "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.