Because the bones of the vertebral column continue to grow, by about 12 months of age the end of the cord reaches its permanent position.

Typically this is at the level of L1 or L2 (closer to the head),[2] ranging due to normal anatomical variations anywhere from the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) to L3.

[2] The cauda equina exists within the lumbar cistern, a gap between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater of the spinal cord, called the subarachnoid space.

It can lead to permanent paralysis, impaired bladder and/or bowel control, loss of sexual sensation, and other problems if left untreated.

[4] Cauda equina syndrome can often be mistaken for conditions such as spinal stenosis, herniated discs and nerve root compression.