Cauquenes Province (Spanish: Provincia de Cauquenes) is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII).

The provincial capital, Cauquenes, lies approximately 370 km (230 mi) southwest of Santiago.

According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute (INE), the province spans an area of 3,027.2 km2 (1,169 sq mi)[1] and had a population of 57,088 inhabitants (28,356 men and 28,732 women), giving it a population density of 18.9/km2 (49/sq mi).

[1] As a province, Cachapoal is a second-level administrative division of Chile, governed by a provincial governor who is appointed by the president.

The province is composed of three communes, each governed by a municipality consisting of an alcalde and municipal council: Cauquenes, Chanco and Pelluhue.