What appear to be stems in Cautleya species are actually "pseudostems" formed by the tightly wrapped bases or sheaths of the leaves.

There are 4–7 leaves with a stalk (petiole) 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long between the sheath that forms part of the pseudostem and the blade which is free.

The inflorescence appears in July in the native habitat of the species and takes the form of a dense spike about 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long.

A red bract surrounds the sepals, which are largely fused, forming a tubular calyx, split along one side.

[2] The genus name honours Proby Cautley, who was responsible for extensive irrigation works in India under the British Raj.

It is hardy to −10 °C (14 °F),[6] though in cold temperate climates such as the midlands and north of the UK, a covering mulch is recommended in the winter.