Cavineña is an indigenous language spoken on the Amazonian plains of northern Bolivia by over 1,000 Cavineño people.
Verbs do not show agreement with their arguments, but are inflected for tense, aspect, mood, negation, and aktionsart, among other categories.
[7] Cavineña has a periodic tense paradigm with four suffixes: diurnal -chinepe, nocturnal -sisa, auroral -wekaka and vesperal -apuna (Guillaume 2008:126), with cognates in the rest of Tacanan.
[9] Iji-wisha-kwedrink-CELER-IMP:SGe-na!DUMMY-waterIji-wisha-kwe e-na!drink-CELER-IMP:SG DUMMY-water‘Drink your water quickly (and let’s go)!’ (Guillaume 2008: 202)There are three subtypes of nouns in Cavineña:[10] Case marking on noun phrases is shown through a set of clitic postpositions, including the following: The dative and genitive cases are homophonous.
E-marikakaNPF-cooking:potebari=kwanabig=PLE-marikaka ebari=kwanaNPF-cooking:pot big=PL'big cooking pots'dutyaalltunaja3PL:GENetawiki=kwanabedding=PLe-tiru=keRES-burn-LIGdutya tunaja etawiki=kwana e-tiru=keall 3PL:GEN bedding=PL RES-burn-LIG'all their bedding that had burnt'(The clitic =ke 'ligature' appears at the end of a relative clause.)
[15] For sentences with a non-pronominal subject, this is shown with an ergative case clitic /=ra/: Iba=ra=tujaguar=ERG=3SG(-FM)iye-chinekill-REC.PASTtakure.chickenIba=ra=tu iye-chine takure.jaguar=ERG=3SG(-FM) kill-REC.PAST chicken'The jaguar killed the chicken.
FM:formative ASSOC:associative LIG:ligature APPROX:approximative COMP:completive REITR:reiterative INT:interrogative RESTR:restrictive CONTR:contrastive IMPFV:imperfective AFFTN:affection TEMP:temporarily NPF:noun prefix RES:resultative