[4][5] Celtic reached the 2008 Scottish Women's Cup final (doing so in their inaugural season, as the men's team had done 119 years earlier), losing 3–1 to Hibernian after extra time.

Having already lost players of the calibre of Leanne Crichton, Jen Beattie, Christie Murray and Joanne Love,[11] that year the likes of Gemma Fay, Rhonda Jones, Chloe Arthur and Heather Richards also headed for the exit door, while Scotland legends like Julie Fleeting and Suzanne Grant had not committed for the following season (the latter pair did both stay on, but left in 2015).

[12][13] Celtic reached their second SWPL Cup final in 2017 and their third in 2018, but were beaten by Hibernian on both occasions; the latter match at Falkirk Stadium finished 9–0, and head coach David Haley said of his beleaguered players: "I'm sure they're as embarrassed as I am".

[20] Wolecki Black left his position at the end of the 2019 season, with the club stating in January 2020 they would make further investment to bolster the team's now confirmed status as a fully professional operation.

[21][22] Fran Alonso was appointed head coach in January 2020, having previously worked under Ronald Koeman at Everton and Mauricio Pochettino at Southampton.

In a three-way decider on the final day of the SWPL, Celtic had to defeat Hearts while hoping their rivals Rangers could hold Glasgow City to a draw at Ibrox.

[33] The following week, Celtic claimed the Women's Scottish Cup for a second time, beating Rangers 2–0 in front of a crowd of 10,446 at Hampden Park thanks to goals from Natasha Flint and Claire O'Riordan.

[34] Celtic won their first Scottish Women's Premier League title in the 2023–24 season in dramatic style on the last day of the campaign, when Amy Gallacher scored a 90th-minute winner to give them a 1–0 victory over Hibernian that put them level on points with Rangers but ahead of their Glasgow rivals thanks to having a superior goal difference.

[37][38][39][40] In July 2021, it was announced that the Women's team (as well as the men's B-team) would play the majority of their home fixtures in 2021–22 at Airdrie's Penny Cars Stadium.

[41] In September 2024, the club announced the permanent move for the women’s team from the Albert Bartlett Stadium in Airdrie to New Douglas Park in Hamilton.