Rogersville, the main settlement in the township, is 7 miles (11 km) west of Waynesburg, the county seat.

Other unincorporated communities in Center Township are Hunters Cave, Rutan, Holbrook, and Oak Forest.

[3] The township is drained by the South Fork of Tenmile Creek, an eastward-flowing tributary of the Monongahela River.

As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 1,393 people, 517 households, and 412 families residing in the township.

16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.