[3] Center Township covers an area of 46.22 square miles (119.7 km2); of this, 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2) or 0.24 percent is water.

The stream of Thompson Creek runs through this township.

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

The township contains twenty-one cemeteries: Arnold, Arnold-Stuart, Ayears, Christie East, Christie West, Cofer, Danville East, Danville South, Gentry, Hardwick, Hillside, Hyten, Kiger, Mill Creek, Mount Pleasant, New Mill Creek (historical), Nichols, Noland Number 2, Primitive Baptist, Saint Augustine Memorial Gardens and Templin.

Center Township residents may obtain a free library card from the Danville-Center Township Public Library in Danville.