The region comprises 13 towns: Beacon Falls, Bethlehem, Cheshire, Middlebury, Naugatuck, Oxford, Prospect, Southbury, Thomaston, Waterbury, Watertown, Wolcott, and Woodbury.

[1] Similar to state and national trends, the population of the Central Naugatuck Valley is becoming increasingly diverse.

[1] The top 10 largest ancestry groups in the region are:[1] Historically, the economy of the Central Naugatuck Valley was dominated by the manufacturing sector.

Similar to national trends, the regional economy is becoming increasingly dominated by the service sector.

Interstate 84 links the region with Hartford, and Boston to the east and Danbury, and New York State to the west.

Route 8 is the major north-south highway in the region and connects with Torrington, and the Litchfield Hills to the north, and to the Lower Naugatuck Valley and Bridgeport to the south.

Service is found primarily in Waterbury, and also extends into the neighboring towns of Cheshire, Middlebury, Naugatuck, Watertown, Wolcott.

[5] Waterbury-Oxford Airport, located in the town of Oxford, offers facilities for corporate, freight and recreational flights.