Ivantsov has proposed that Cephalonega should be placed in the phylum Proarticulata, as the segments in recently discovered, exceptionally well-preserved fossils display the glide, or "staggered", symmetry characteristic of the majority of proarticulatans.

[5] According to a 2019 study, all Cephalonega researchers agree that it is proarticulatan and put it in the class Cephalozoa that also includes e.g. Yorgia, Andiva and Spriggina.

[3] Imprints of Cephalonega stepanovi have been found in the Verkhovka and Zimnie Gory Formations[8][9] of the Ediacaran (Vendian) rocks of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia.

[5] All the fossil specimens are negative imprints on the bases of fine-grained sandstone beds with the "elephant skin" and tubercle texture diagnostic of microbial mats.

[10] The same bedding planes contain various other Ediacaran species: Cyclomedusa, Ediacaria, Palaeopascichnids, Eoporpita, Yorgia, Andiva, Archaeaspinus, Vendia, Dickinsonia, Anfesta, Albumares, Tribrachidium, Kimberella, Parvancorina, Charniodiscus and others.