Certification

[3][4] Certificates may even be issued by the companies themselves that use them, primarily as a marketing gimmick, which can be characterized as "cheap talk," meaning a trick that doesn't guarantee trust.

For example, in the IT Industry there are different certifications available for software tester, project manager, and developer.

Also, the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology offers three certifications in the same profession, but with increasing complexity.

Certification does not designate that a person has sufficient knowledge in a subject area, only that they passed the test.

This refers to processes intended to determine if a product meets minimum standards, similar to quality assurance.

Other types include: Certification is dependent on meeting specific requirements that are defined in a technical standard.

Whereas international standards do not allow scheme ownership and do not require fees to issue a certificate.

It is common for people who require certifications to undergo paid structured learning to help them achieve their goals.

The advantages of participatory certification lie in the exchange of knowledge and experience among the participants themselves, allowing for the inclusion of macro issues such as environmental, economic-financial, and social quality criteria, as well as providing small entrepreneurs with access to independent third-party certification as part of a group.