[5] In 1906, he succeeded Dr John Playfair as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1906.

John Playfair completed Underhill's term in office before being succeeded by William Allan Jamieson.

[6] Four weeks before his death on 24 April 1908, of a progressive heart disease, he moved out to Baberton House in south-west Edinburgh, lent to him by his friend and colleague, Byrom Bramwell.

The grave lies on the south side of the main east-west path pointing at the Dean Gallery entrance.

A memorial stained glass window to Underhill was erected in St Johns Episcopal Church on Princes Street.