He was born in Prague, the only son of the Austrian general Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg and his wife princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis.
[1] Thus by the time he reached majority in 1817 Charles Egon was not a sovereign prince but a "Grundherr" possessing large estates, woods and industrial sites, as well as a Standesherr of the three states between which Fürstenberg had been divided—the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Princedom of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
Since her mother was a morganatic wife, so too was Amalie - although Charles, Grand Duke of Baden later elevated her to dynastic status (she was his father's half-sister), making her the first "princess" of Baden, which allowed Charles Egon's mother to finally accept the couple as a marriage of equals.
[3] Charles's Standesherr status entitled him to sit in the Badische Ständeversammlung, of which chamber he became the first vice-president, holding that office for thirty-three years from 1819 to 1852, whilst its president was Prince William of Baden.
His palace of Donaueschingen, with its collections of paintings, engravings and coins, was a centre of culture, where poets, painters and musicians met with princely entertainment.