His sister was Marie Julie d'Albert de Luynes (wife of Elzéar Charles Antoine de Sabran-Pontevès, 3rd Duke of Sabran)[2] and his younger brother was Paul Marie Stanislas Honoré d'Albert de Luynes, 10th Duke of Chaulnes and Picquigny (who married Princess Sophie Golitsyn, a granddaughter of Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Golitsyn).

[3][4] His father was the only child of Marie Françoise Dauvet de Maineville and Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes, 8th Duke of Luynes, a prominent writer on archaeology who is most remembered for the collection of exhibits he gave to the Cabinet des Médailles, and for supporting the exiled Comte de Chambord's claim to the throne of France.

[11] On 5 December 1867, he married Yolande Françoise Marie Julienne de La Rochefoucauld (1849–1905) in Paris.

Together, they were the parents of:[13] The Duke died in Orléans, Loiret during the Battle of Loigny–Poupry on 2 December 1870, only 24 years old.

[21][22][23] Through his daughter Yolande, he was posthumously a grandfather of Jean Maurice Paul Jules de Noailles, duc d'Ayen (1893–1945), a member of the French Resistance who died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp,[19] Yolande Marie Clothilde Charlotte de Noailles (1896–1976), and Elisabeth Pauline Sabine Marie de Noailles (1898–1969), a prominent tennis player who competed in the Olympic games in 1920.