In 1903, when Van Hise became president of the University of Wisconsin, he hired Leith as head of the geology department at the age of 28.
[3] During a 1909 expedition in the Hudson Bay area, Leith and his brother Arthur were feared lost after departing from Moose Factory.
[8] Leith's early research focused on the geology of the Lake Superior region, including the ore deposits of the Mesabi range.
[2][4] He organized studies of world mineral supplies in the 1920s and served on many government agencies, including the Atomic Energy Commission, through the 1950s.
[12] Leith won the Penrose Gold Medal of the Society of Economic Geologists in 1935.