In February 1671, he succeeded Sir William Bellenden as Treasurer-Depute, and shortly afterwards, following the quarrel between the John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale and the Earl of Tweeddale, became his brother's chief assistant in the management of Scottish affairs.
In a paper presented by the Duke of Hamilton to King Charles II in 1679, he detailed the grievances under which Scotland then suffered and complained that Lord Haltoun was "overbearing and insolent in the extreme".
[1] In June 1682, a Commission, chiefly composed of his enemies, was appointed to inquire into the coinage and Mint, and, upon their report, he was deprived of his offices, and the Lord Advocate ordered to proceed against him, either civilly or criminally, for malversation.
The case was tried in the Court of Session, which, on 20 March 1683, fined Sir John Falconer and him £72,000 sterling, a vast sum for the time.
The latter two disputed as to the division of the spoil, but at length Claverhouse obtained the lands of Dudhope and the Constabulary of Dundee, which procured him, in the following reign, the more honourable title by which history knows him.
Charles Maitland married, on 18 November 1652, Elizabeth, younger daughter of Richard Lauder of Haltoun, (nr.
As provided in the charter, when Sir John inherited the Earldom of Lauderdale on the death of his elder brother Richard, he reverted to the surname of Maitland.