It opened on September 3, 1978, as part of the extension of the Green Line westward to Angrignon station.

Designed by Ayotte et Bergeron, it was built as a stacked platform station, in order to reduce the width of the station owing to the weak Utica Shale in which it was built.

The long stairways to the platforms, built around a light shaft, are brightened by two stained-glass windows by Mario Merola and Pierre Osterrath.

Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix (1682–1761) was a French Jesuit historian and explorer of New France.

The buses at Charlevoix use its bus loop which is under an OMHM apartment building.