She was a member of the Fourth Company of missionaries sent to the Hawaiian Islands by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
Her grandfather was William Douglas, a colonel in the Connecticut State Regiment during the American Revolutionary War; her mother's uncle was surveyor Jared Mansfield.
[3] The couple were first sent to Waimea and then based at Lahaina on the island of Maui to work with the Waineʻe Church there.
Her husband worked on preventing and managing epidemics of smallpox, dysentery, influenza, and more, and later taught at a theological seminary at Honolulu.
Charlotte Fowler Baldwin died at Punahou in 1873, aged 68 years, after a long illness.