Charter school
CMOs are typically non-profit organizations and provide centralized services for a group of charter schools.
[7] Advocates of the charter model state[8] that they are public schools because they are open to all students and do not charge for tuition.
[15][16] The number of charter schools was limited to a maximum of 15,[17] but the Provincial government eliminated this cap effective September 2020.
A supervisor, appointed by the parents, checks that teaching of core subjects meets the standards of the elementary school.
When they were abolished in 1998, most turned into foundation schools, which are really under their local district authority but still have a high degree of autonomy.
Prior to the 2010 general election, there were about 200 academies (publicly funded schools with a significant degree of autonomy) in England.
[29] More than 80% of Finnish upper secondary schools were originally founded and run by a private association or limited company.
[33] DSS schools are free to design their curriculum, select their own students, and charge for tuition.
The model to copy was Kilkenny College, but critics like Bernard Mandeville felt that educating too many poor children would lead them to have unrealistic expectations.
It is now being run by an executive manager from Child, Youth and Family, a government social welfare organization, together with a commissioner appointed by the Ministry of Education[citation needed].
As in Sweden, the publicly funded but privately run charter schools in Norway are named friskoler and was formally instituted in 2003, but dismissed in 2007.
[36] The schools are restricted: for example, they are prohibited from supplementing the public funds with tuition or other fees; pupils must be admitted on a first-come, first-served basis; and entrance exams are not permitted.
They operate under a written contract with a state, district or other entity (referred to as an authorizer or sponsor).
This contract – or charter – details how the school will be organized and managed, what students will be expected to achieve, and how success will be measured.
"[39] These schools, however, need to follow state-mandated curricula and are subject to the same rules and regulations that cover them, although there is flexibility in the way this is realized.
[41] As of December 2021[update] approximately 8,000 charter schools enrolled an estimated total of 3.7 million students nationwide.
[43] The most radical experimentation with charter schools in the United States possibly occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (2005).
[47] Unlike their public counterparts, laws governing charter schools vary greatly.
The three states with the highest number of students enrolled in charter schools are California, Arizona, and Michigan.
Also, while Michigan and California require teachers at charter schools to hold state certification, those in Arizona do not.
It was passed in order to offer parents options in regard to their children and the school they attend, with most of the cost being covered by tax revenue.
Typically, charter schools claim nonprofit status, but most operate in a for-profit system.
[58] A study by Watson, Murin, Vashaw, Gemin, and Rapp found that cyber charter schools are currently (as of 2014) operating in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
[58] In November, 2015, researchers at the University of Washington, Stanford University, and the Mathematica Policy Research group published the first major study of online charter schools in the United States, the "National Study of Online Charter Schools".
It found "significantly weaker academic performance" in mathematics and reading in such schools when compared to conventional ones.
[citation needed] Cyber charter school diplomas have been unevenly valued by post-secondary institutions.
Universities sometimes apply additional requirements or have cyber-charter quotas limiting the number of applicants.
The US military also classifies non-traditional diplomas at a lower tier, although as of 2012 this could be bypassed by high ASVAB test scores.
[60] A 2017 policy statement from the National Education Association expressed its strong commitment to public schools.
However, many states do not compel charters to abide by open meeting statutes as well as prerequisites on conflict of interest that pertain to school districts, boards, and employees.
