Chen Guoliang started his football career with Shandong Luneng Taishan youth team, spending time in 2014 with the club's affiliate training centre in Brazil.

[3] In January 2018, Chen moved to Spain to sign for Estudiantes de Murcia.

[4] After two seasons with Estudiantes, he spent the beginning of 2020 with Los Garres, but did not feature.

He would return to China to sign for top tier club Shenzhen on 3 February of the same year.

[1] He would make his debut for the club in a league game on 5 July 2022 against Heilongjiang Ice City F.C.