Cheng started his professional football career in 2010 when he was promoted to Chinese Super League side Changchun Yatai's first team.
[1] On 8 August, he made his senior debut in a 1–0 home victory against Jiangsu Sainty, coming on as a substitute for Du Zhenyu in the 80th minute.
In March 2014, Cheng moved to China League Two side Yinchuan Helanshan on a one-year loan deal.
[4] On 16 April 2019, Cheng scored his first career goal in a 1–0 away win over Nantong Zhiyun in the third round of 2019 Chinese FA Cup.
On 9 October 2022, Cheng finally scored his first Chinese Super League goal in a 4–1 home defeat against Shanghai Port, 12 years after making his debut in the top division.