Chengdu–Chongqing railway or Chengyu railway (simplified Chinese: 成渝铁路; traditional Chinese: 成渝鐵路; pinyin: chéngyú tiělù), is a single-track electrified railroad in the Sichuan Basin of Southwest China between the cities Chengdu and Chongqing.

Other cities along the route include Jianyang, Ziyang, Zizhong, Neijiang, Longchang and Yongchuan.

On December 31, 1949, shortly after the Chinese Communists captured Sichuan from the Nationalists, Secretary of the Southwest Bureau Deng Xiaoping proposed the building of the railway.

Work began on June 15, 1950 and involved 30,000 People's Liberation Army troops and 10,000 civilian laborers.

Although it follows a route generally similar to that of the original Chengdu–Chongqing railway, it is significantly shorter due to the greater use of elevated sections and tunnels.