[3] After the unification of the kingdoms by Silla in 676, various parts of Korea, including Cheongju, began to adopt Buddhism.

This was influenced by the Silla culture's connection with the Silk Road, which facilitated the spread of Buddhism from Nepal across Northern China to the Korean Peninsula.

Among them is Cheol Danggan, built in the year 962 in the center of the city near the remains of Yongdu Temple.

Cheol Danggan is a flagpole used to hang the Dang flag, which is raised to pay tribute to Buddha.

One of the important documents printed in Cheongju was done so at Heungdeok Temple during the Goryeo Dynasty, specifically in the year 1377.

From 1 July 2014, Cheongju and Cheongwon County unified, and administrative districts were changed to the following: Osong-eup, Gangnae-myeon, Oksan-myeon, Uncheon-dong, Sinbong-dong, Bokdae1-dong, Bokdae2-dong, Gakyeong-dong, Bongmyeong1-dong, Bongmyeong2-dong, Songjeong-dong, Gangseo1-dong, Gangseo2-dong, Ochang-eup Nami-myeon, Hyeondo-myeon, Sajik1-dong, Sajik2-dong, Sachang-dong, Mochooung-dong, Sugok1-dong, Sugok2-dong, Sannam-dong, Bunpyeong-dong, Seonghwa-dong, Geasin-dong, Jookrim-dong Nangseong-myeon, Miwon-myeon, Gaduk-myeon, Namil-myeon, Mooni-myeon, Joongang-dong, Seongan-dong, Top-dong, Deasung-dong, Yeongun-dong, Geumcheon-dong, Yongam-dong, Myeongam-dong, Sinsung-dong, Yongam1-dong, Yongam2-dong Nesoo-eup, Buki-myeon, Wooam-dong, Neduk1-dong, Neduk2-dong, Yoolang-dong, Sacheon-dong, Ogeunjang-dong,[18] Ochang-eup The headquarters of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency,[19] and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety are located in the Osong Health Technology Administration Complex.

The main train station is located at Ogeunjang approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the city hall.

In 2023, the Cheongju tunnel flooded during the annual monsoon which trapped 15 vehicles and resulted in at least 7 deaths and 11 reported missing.