Located in Dayuan District, Taoyuan, about 40 km (25 mi) west of Taipei, the airport is the busiest and largest in Taiwan.

[5] It is an important regional transshipment center, passenger hub, and gateway for destinations in Asia, and is one of two international airports that serve Taipei.

[6] The new airport opened (with Terminal 1) on 26 February 1979,[5] as part of the Ten Major Construction Projects pursued by the government in the 1970s.

[13] In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek is associated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang and its many years of one-party authoritarian rule.

[14] News organizations and local residents sometimes combined the two commonly used names as "Taoyuan Chung-Cheng Airport".

[14][15] The Executive Yuan of then-President Chen Shui-bian's administration officially approved the name Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport for the hub on 6 September 2006.

[16][17][18][19] The opposition Kuomintang, which together with its political allies held a one-vote majority in the Legislative Yuan, decried the change and proposed "Taiwan Taoyuan Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" instead.

[citation needed] Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals, which are connected by two short people movers.

The Taoyuan Airport MRT links the terminals together underground, and provides transportation to Taipei City.

The building was designed by Chinese-born, Taiwanese-American structural engineer Tung-Yen Lin and influenced by Eero Saarinen's Washington Dulles International Airport.

A row of 11 gates are located on the north end of the airfield facing the north runway and another row of 11 gates are located on the south end airfield facing the south runway.

The 540,000 square meter Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and will accommodate 45 million passengers per year.

[12] South Korea's Samsung C&T owns 70% of the construction project, or $1.1 billion, while the remainder is held by Taiwan's RSEA Engineering.

Since the opening of RCTP, the Taiwan Government has implemented a policy of progressive liberalisation of air services with the intention of promoting consumer choice and competition.

A NTD 300 billion proposal to build a third runway and a third terminal has been under feasibility study and consultation.

[91] Huan Yu VIP Terminal, also known as the Taoyuan Business Aviation Centre (TYBAC), began service in September 2011 and was officially opened in mid-October 2011.

After registration, the passengers can choose either E-Gate or manual immigration clearance when entering or leaving the country.

[93] The handling and transportation of mail, passenger baggage, cargo, and the operation of aerobridges and passenger stairways in Taoyuan Airport is provided by Taoyuan International Airport Services Limited (TIAS) and Evergreen Airline Services (EGAS).

[citation needed] In 2022, aerospace company Nordam opened a major components repair facility at Taoyuan, which will serve as their regional hub replacing operations in Singapore.

China Airlines has its headquarters, CAL Park,[109] on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport.

[110] Located adjacent to the Aviation Museum(now closed) and the convention center is the Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, which opened in November 2009.

The 360-room hotel is equipped with restaurants, recreation and fitness centers, and a hair salon and spa.

[111] The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum was located in the south-eastern area of the airport between the main freeway entrance and the terminals.

[115] On the other hand, two Terminal 2 gates, C2 and D6, had additional jet bridges installed to accommodate the A380 aircraft.

Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and is expected to have an annual capacity of 45 million passengers.

The aerotropolis will take advantage of the competitive local infrastructure to attract developments and help stimulate economic growth.

[119] In October 2015, it was announced that RSHP won the bid to design the 640,000 square meter terminal.

[120] The construction project involves South Korean company Samsung C&T and Taiwan's RSEA.