[1] In response to Wuxing thought and Tu Shi, the founder of the Han dynasty, Liu Bang, is said to be the son of the Red Emperor; in the Han dynasty God of the Five Directions, the Red Emperor represents the Southern God.

[3] He is also associated with Chīyóu (蚩尤), the god of some southern peoples, in both iconography and myth, as both Shennong Yandi and Chiyou fought against the Yellow Emperor, although Chiyou is traditionally considered more violent and has the horns of a fighting bull, while Shennong Yandi is more peaceful and has the horns of a plowing buffalo.

[5] In broader conceptualisation, he is the god of science and craft, and the patron of doctors and apothecaries.

[6] The Yi Zhou Shu states that Chiyou was once a vassal of the Red Emperor and was appointed to rule the land of Shaohao.

[7]。 According to Wang Fu's "The Theory of Subtlety", the Flame Emperor's Shennong clan [zh], son of the divine dragon, called himself Yan Di, inherited the title of Shennong and replaced Fuxi as the common lord of the world.