[3] Other figures, such as those by The World Factbook, show a total population (including those born in Chile and their descendants) of 429,708 people.

During the War of Independence of Chile, the period known as the Patria Vieja, ended with the defeat of the patriot forces at the Battle of Rancagua on October 1 and 2, 1814.

The patriots who were crossing the Andes took refuge in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.

A memorable case was that of Chilean migration to Argentina after the Battle of Rancagua and the Spanish reconquest of Chile between 1814 and 1817.

From the late 19th century there was a steady migration from the Chiloé Archipelago to the southern provinces of Argentina, to work on sheep farms.