The village was known as Cilterne in the Domesday Book of 1086, which is a British hill name including the element celto meaning high.

Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

It is also part of the Glastonbury and Somerton county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

[8] The Anglican parish Church of St Mary has 13th-century origins and has been designated as a Grade II* listed building.

Stanley Adams, former pharmaceutical company executive at Hoffmann-La Roche and corporate whistleblower, lived in Chilthorne Domer from the late 1980s to 1993, when he was convicted of hiring a hit-man in a failed attempt to kill his second wife for insurance money.