The Republic of China (ROC) competed as Chinese Taipei at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California for the first time.

The change in name was a result of the Nagoya Resolution, adopted by the International Olympic Committee in 1979 after the objections raised in the 1970s by the People's Republic of China (PRC) over the political status of Taiwan.

The 1984 Summer Games Chinese Taipei team included 31 men and 7 women, taking part in 40 events in 12 sports.

[1] In weightlifting, athletes both from Chinese Taipei and the People's Republic of China won medals.

Chinese Taipei entered one man and one woman in the archery competition.