The unique dental morphology of Chiromyoides has led several authors to propose a specialized ecological role for the genus.

Gingerich (1976) hypothesized that Chiromyoides was a specialist on seeds, while Szalay and Delson (1979) and Beard et al. (2020) suggested that it may have consumed wood-boring insects in a manner similar to the aye-aye.

[4][5] Gingerich (1973) described the first North American species, Chiromyoides caesor, from two upper incisors found in northern Wyoming.

[8][9][3] A second European species, Chiromyoides mauberti, was named by De Bast et al. (2018) from isolated teeth and several mandibular fragments found near Rivecourt, France.

[3] The nesting of the European species C. campanicus and C. mauberti in the northern clade suggests that Chiromyoides dispersed into Europe from North America.