80,000 civilians displaced[7] Total 30,000 Violent Deaths[7] The insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামে বিদ্রোহ), also known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম যুদ্ধ), refers to a political and armed conflict that occurred in Bangladesh in two phases: The actions then carried out by the Armed Forces and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti groups resulted in casualties on both sides.

When Bangladesh was the eastern wing of Pakistan, widespread resentment occurred over the displacement of as many as 100,000 of the native peoples due to the construction of the Kaptai Dam in 1962.

After the creation of Bangladesh in 1971, representatives of the Chittagong Hill Tracts who was the Chakma politician Manabendra Narayan Larma sought autonomy and recognition of the rights of the peoples of the region.

[20] M. N. Larma and others founded the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (PCJSS) as an united political organisation of all native peoples and tribes in 1973.

[23] The Shanti Bahini divided its area of operations into zones and raised forces from the native people, who were formally trained.

[29] People living in the Hill Tracts area were often detained and tortured in custody on suspicion of being members of the Shanti Bahini or helping them.

[30] People who are detained on suspicion are subjected to severe beating, electrocution, water boarding, hanging upside down, shoving burning cigarettes on bodies etc.

[33] 21 years after the peace treaty on 5 May 2018 unidentified gunmen ambushed and assassinated 5 people in Rangamati district, including UPDF leader Tapan Jyoti Chakma.

This is the deadliest such incident involving the indigenous tribal Chakma people since the signing of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.

[34][35] The secessionist Kuki-Chin National Front led by Nathan Bom begun to fight for the establishment of a separate autonomous or independent state for Jumma people, using guerilla methods since 2022.

Ten guns, 50 rounds of bullets, 62 cases, six bombs, two cartridge belts, and a locally made pistol along with other equipment and jihadi literature were also seized during the operation, along with 1 militant killed.

[39] On the night of 2 April 2024, some members of the KNF robbed the Sonali Bank branch in Ruma upazila,[40] looting around 15 million taka.

The then-president Ziaur Rahman created a Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board under an army general to address the socio-economic needs of the region, but the entity proved unpopular and became a source of antagonism and mistrust amongst the native people against the government.

The government failed to address the long-standing issue of the displacement of people, numbering an estimated 100,000 caused by the construction of the Kaptai Dam in 1962.