The river is formed in Douglas, Massachusetts by the confluence of Greene and Cedar Swamp brooks.

From there, it flows south to Burrillville, Rhode Island where it converges with Round Top Brook to form the Nipmuc River.

Brook Road in Burrillville is the only crossing over the Chockalog River due to its short length.

The Chockalog River has no named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.

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