Algieri began his martial arts training in Chinese Kenpo under the tutelage of Robert Mauro at the age of 10.

He was also awarded a wild card nomination to compete in the High School National Championships, but a knee injury barred Algieri from participating.

After high school, Algieri spent three seasons as assistant coach to the St. Anthony's Friar Wrestling team.

After completing an undefeated amateur career that culminated with a USKBA Northeast Championship, Algieri decided to turn professional at the age of 19.

[9] Algieri had accumulated wins over the likes of top prospect Jose Alejo, a bout featured on NBC Sports Network and former United States Boxing Association (USBA) Champion Mike Arnaoutis prior to the Taylor fight, and he reached 10–0 when Joe DeGuardia's Star Boxing signed him.

[10][11] On June 14, 2014, Algieri got the chance of a lifetime as he faced and defeated the newly crowned WBO junior welterweight champion Ruslan Provodnikov, headlining on HBO's "Boxing After Dark" card at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.

The bout went the full 12 rounds and Algieri won via split decision to become the new WBO junior welterweight champion.

[17] On April 3, 2015, Amir Khan announced via his wife's YouTube channel that he had agreed to a May 30 welterweight bout with Algieri in New York.

Algieri instantly began cutting down the ring and had Khan backing up fast and unable to land his quick combinations.

[23] On December 5, 2015, Algieri knocked down Ecuadorian Erick Bone (16–2, 8 KOs) in the 8th round to win via unanimous decision.

[24] On February 23, 2016, it was announced that Algieri would take on one of welterweights hottest prospects Errol Spence Jr. (19-0, 16 KOs) on April 16 at the Barclays Center where he was (2-2) against opponents.

[27][28] In October 2018, after around two-and-a-half years out of the ring, primarily working as a nutritionist for several boxers, Algieri announced he would be returning to The Paramount in Huntington, New York on November 30, 2018.

[31] In early December 2018, it was reported that Matchroom promoter Eddie Hearn was looking to match WBO light welterweight champion Maurice Hooker (25-0-1, 19 KOs) with more credible opponents in 2019.

Hearn planned for Algieri and Jorge Linares to fight in separate bouts on his January 18, 2019 DAZN card.

[32] Later that month, Boxing Scene announced Algieri would fight in a 10-round bout against 28-year-old Danny Gonzalez (17–1–1, 7 KOs), who was on a 3-fight win streak since suffering his sole loss.

You go back to the drawing board and look to come back better.”[34][35] On May 3, 2019, it was announced that Algieri would fight British boxer Tommy Coyle (25–4, 12 KOs) on the Anthony Joshua vs. Andy Ruiz Jr on June 1, at Madison Square Garden in New York on DAZN.

He said, “I'd like to thank my entire team for making this possible and for their total support of my quest to once again become a world champion.”[36][37] Algieri reiterated his desire to challenge for the WBO title against Hooker, claiming he did not lose the belt in the ring.