Chris Hoofnagle

Notably, his research demonstrates that most Americans prefer not to be targeted online for advertising and despite claims to the contrary, young people care about privacy and take actions to protect it.

[6] Hoofnagle and Soltani published a follow-up on this work in 2011 documenting the use of "HTTP ETags" to store persistent identifiers.

Thus, financial institutions have the most interaction with the imposter, which makes them the best player to gather information about identity theft, according to Hoofnagle.

[10] He argues that these policies will garner more information regarding identity theft, helping institutions avoid the problem in the future.

[11] Although signing up for social networking services (SNSs) like Instagram and Facebook do not cost any money to access, Hoofnagle argues that there is a great price for this transaction: the collection of personal information.

[13] Data can be collected directly by tracking the smartphone owner's posts or storing information from other phone applications on the device.

[12] By freely revealing personal information, consumers leave themselves more vulnerable to data collection, identity theft, fraud, and stalking.

[13] There are many methods of internet tracking, including Flash cookies, ETags, HTML5 local storage, Evercookies, and browser fingerprinting.

[16] Hoofnagle argues that CDBs like ChoicePoint perform law enforcement duties by allowing the police to download collections of information about individuals.

He believes that commercial and government collection of information shouldn't be distinct, public records should be compatible with modern technology, and the Privacy Act of 1974 should apply to CDBs.

[18] Despite the FTC's commitment to the self-regulation of privacy, Hoofnagle argues that consumers are very concerned about their private information being collected.

The GDPR also places significant burden on data controllers (e.g. companies) to ensure the privacy of consumer information.

[23] This means that in the U.S., consumers are responsible for reading privacy notices and determining for themselves whether they feel like their private information will be protected.

An advantage of mobile payment systems is that they serve as a digital wallet, allowing consumers the convenience of making transactions online.

However, a privacy concern that Hoofnagle and the authors identify is that this new technology allows merchants to collect personally-identifiable contact information regarding consumers, a feature that is not provided in a typical credit card transactions.

An example of private companies limiting the harm of cybercriminals includes the eBay Verified Rights Online (VeRO) Program.

One harm of tethering includes the fact that manufacturers decide the durability of products through bricking, feature reduction, altering the terms of the bargain.

Lastly, tethering reduces choice and competition in the market, raising switching costs that may lock consumers into particular devices or platforms.

[26] The authors present legal interventions that can change the relationship between sellers and buyers and address the tethering of the economy.