After the priests of their parishes of Villasila and Villamelendro travelled to Carrión to plead their case, Alfonso VIII recognised the existence of their respective communities in 1180.

The church in Villamelendro was built on top of an older, more primitive construction; in fact, two structure is aligned on two separate axes of symmetry.

[1] According to the 1549 record, the bulk of the current church building's structure is accredited to Juan de la Cuesta, a Cantabrian master stonemason.

Later additions to the building, including the portico and its paving, as well as the later remodeling of the buttresses and sacristy, seem to be works that took place after Juan de la Cuesta's construction.

In 1771, Manuel Jacinto de Bringas, mayor of the province of Toro, created a file for the Count of Aranda detailing the state of the congregations, confraternities, and brotherhoods in the towns within his jurisdiction.

Oral tradition alleges that in the 1970s, during the excavation of a well in the corner of the land near the sacristy, a tombstone with characters was uncovered, the location of which, is today unknown.

It replaced the old masonry and brick tower with a hipped roof and two loopholes[clarification needed] in the mid-20th century, as the original had become highly unstable.

The stone has a series of grooves that experts at the Monastery of Santa María la Real (Palencia) of Aguilar de Campóo determined was a Renaissance era moulding that had been removed.

On the exterior of the apse, centered near the top, is an eroded brick which local popular tradition calls the santo rojo (literally "holy red") due to the reddish colour of the material from which it was built.

The interior consists of a single nave and presbytery, separated by arches of carved stone in three sections, covered with a barrel vault, and with a raised wooden choir at the rear.

[3]Repairs to the portico floor during the 2012 renovation revealed that parts of the building are paved with small river rocks which form patterns.

The altarpiece is articulated by a central niche, featuring an image of the ascension which itself is surrounded by four panels depicting the life and martyrdom of Cyricus and Julitta.

By comparing this font to the one held by the nearby Church of San Pelayo in Villasila de Valdavia, it can be dated to the end of the 18th century.

Because of restoration issues, the building has been included on the "Red List" (Spanish: Lista roja de patrimonio en peligro) of the Association for the care and promotion of heritage, Hispania Nostra [es] since November 2019.