The original Gothic church was built at the end of 13th century, as part of the Notre-Dame de la Vigne beguinage.

Attributed to the Flemish architect Lucas Faydherbe, the reconstructed building, which still stands today, is a notable illustration of the Italian-influenced Brabantine Baroque style of the 17th century.

[3] Located near today's Place du Béguinage/Begijnhofplein, the community composed a miniature village of individual dwellings with a mill, laundry, and flower and vegetable garden enclosed within a wall.

[2] In 1998, the expulsion of the Nigerian asylum seeker Semira Adamu, who died after police violence, triggered the occupation of the church from October 1998 to January 1999 by political refugee candidates awaiting regularisation.

[6] Attributed to the Flemish architect Lucas Faydherbe,[11] this church is a notable illustration of the Italian-influenced Brabantine Baroque style of the 17th century.